Women have been rabbis for over forty years. No longer are women rabbis a unique phenomenon, rather they are part of the fabric of Jewish life. In this anthology, rabbis and scholars from across the Jewish world reflect back on the historic significance of women in the rabbinate and explore issues related to both the professional and personal lives of female rabbis. This collection examines the ways in which the reality of women in the rabbinate has impacted all aspects of Jewish life, including congregational culture, liturgical development, life cycle ritual, the Jewish healing movement, spirituality, theology, and more.
Acknowledgments Foreword, Rabbi Sally J. Priesand Preface, Rabbi Jacqueline Koch Ellenson Introduction: What Kind of Job Is that for a Nice Jewish Girl? Short Takes An Offering Made in Honor of Those Who Have No Time to Make an Offering, Rabbi Karen Bender Women Rabbis’ List of Firsts
Part One • Those Who Came Before Us: The Pre-history of Women Rabbis 1. Who Controls The Narrative? A “Stop Action” Analysis of the Story of Beruriah and the Implications for Women Rabbis, Rabbi Judith Abrams, PhD, z”l 2. Chasidic Women Rebbes from 1749 to 1900, Rabbi Renee Edelman 3. “The Long and Winding Road” to Women Rabbis, Pamela S. Nadell, PhD 4. Rediscovering Regina Jonas: The First Woman Rabbi, Rabbi Laura Geller 5. The Women Who Set the Stage: Celebrating One Hundred Years of Women in Reform Judaism, Rabbi Marla J. Feldman Personal Reflection: A First Rabbi, from a Long Line of Rabbis, Rabbi Naamah Kelman-Ezrachi Personal Reflection: Going into the Family Business, Rabbi Sue Shankman
Part Two • Reform Ordination of Women 6. Letters from Hebrew Union College to Sally Priesand 7. The Ordination of Sally Priesand, A Historic Interview 8. Looking Back to See Ahead, Rabbi Richard F. Address, DMin 9. What’s in a Word? Inequality in the Reform S’michah, Rabbi Mary Zamore 10. A Brief History of the Task Force on Women in the Rabbinate, Rabbi Neil Kominsky 11. From Periphery to Center: A History of the Women’s Rabbinic Network, Rabbi Carole B. Balin, PhD 12. Women Who Chose: First a Jew, Then a Rabbi, Julie Wiener 13. O Pioneers: Reflections from Five Women Rabbis of the First Generation, Rabbi Sue Levi Elwell, PhD 14. From Generation to Generation: A Roundtable Discussion with Rabbi Ellen Weinberg Dreyfus Personal Reflection: The Pregnant Rabbi, Rabbi Deborah Zecher 223 Personal Reflection: Ima and Abba on the Bimah: Being an RK Squared, Rachel Marder
Part Three • Ripple Effects: The Impact of Ordaining Women 15. JTS, HUC, and Women Rabbis—Redux, Rabbi Gary Phillip Zola, PhD 16. Creating Opportunities for the “Other”: The Ordination of Women as a Turning Point for LGBT Jews, Rabbi Denise L. Eger 17. The Impact of Women Rabbis on Male Rabbis, Rabbi Charles A. Kroloff 18. Women Rabbis in Israel, Rabbi Dalia Marx, PhD 19. The First Thirty Years in Israel: Avnei Derech, Rabbi Kinneret Shiryon, DD 20. A New Reality: Female Religious Leadership in the Modern Orthodox Community, Maharat Rori Picker Neiss 21. Orthodox Women (Non-) Rabbis, Rabbi Darren Kleinberg, PhD Personal Reflection: The Presence of Women Rabbis: A Transformation of the Rabbinate and of Jewish Life, Rabbi Sam Gordon Personal Reflection: Growing Up With Women Rabbis as Role Models, Rabbi Michael S. Friedman Personal Reflection: A Man’s Experience of Women in the Rabbinate, Rabbi Jeffrey Kurtz-Lendner
Part Four • Women Rabbis and Feminism 22. Women Rabbis and Feminism: On Our Way to the Promised Land, Rabbi Laura Geller 23. “I Find By Experience”: Feminist Praxis of Theology and Knowledge, Rabbi Oshrat Morag 24. Shifting the Focus: Women Rabbis and Developments in Feminist Theology, Rabbi Kari Hofmaister Tuling, PhD 25. Real Men Marry Rabbis: A History of the Jewish Feminist Movement, Rabbi Rebecca W. Sirbu 26. Betty Friedan’s “Spiritual Daughters,” the ERA, and the CCAR, Rabbi Carole B. Balin, PhD Personal Reflection: Finding a Seat at the Right Table: Gender at HUC-JIR, Rabbi Daniel Kirzane Personal Reflection: Becoming a Woman of the Wall, Rabbi Susan Silverman
Part Five • Jewish Life 27. Making Up for Lost Time: Female Rabbis and Ritual Change, Rabbi Debra Reed Blank, PhD 28. The Mikveh as a Well of Creativity, Rabbi Sara Luria and Shaina Herring 29. Offering a New Look: Women Rabbis and Jewish Spirituality, Rabbi Michele Lenke 30. El Na R’fah Na Lah, Heal Us Now, Rabbi Eric Weiss with Hilly Haber 31. Kindling Change: Women Rabbis and Social Action, Rabbi Patricia Karlin-Neumann 32. How Jewish Women Have Come to Read the Bible: The Creating of Midrash, Rabbi Sandy Sasso, DMin 33. 140 Faces of Torah and Counting: CommunalTransformation, Theological Evolution, and the Authority of Interpretation, Rabbi Elizabeth W. Goldstein, PhD Personal Reflection: A Rabbi Goes to the Mikveh, Rabbi Julie Wolkoff, DMin, CT Personal Reflection: A Rabbi in the Military—Rabbi Sarah Schechter, Chaplain (Major), United States Air Force Academy Personal Reflection: Born in the USSR: Rabbi Elena Rubinstein
Part Six • Congregational Culture and Community Life 34. Weaving Webs of Sacred Connection: Women Rabbis and Congregational Culture, Rabbi Judith Schindler and Cantor Mary Thomas 35. Forty Years—What Moses Might Have Learned (from His Women Colleagues), Rabbi Amy M. Schwartzman 36. Creating a New Model: From Rabbi and Rebbetzin to Co-Rabbis, Rabbi Linda Motzkin and Rabbi Jonathan Rubenstein 37. Women Rabbis and the Gender Pay Gap: Lessons from the CCAR’s 2012 Landmark Study and a Call to Action, Michael J. Gan and Joshua Scharff 38. Getting to the Gold Standard in Maternity Leave Clauses, Rabbi Alysa Mendelson Graf 39. Figuring It All Out: The Parenting Balancing Act, Rabbi Rebecca Einstein Schorr Personal Reflection: Why I Almost Did Not Become a Rabbi, Rabbi Alysa Mendelson Graf Personal Reflection: Being a Public Person, Suffering a Private Loss, by Rabbi Rebecca Gutterman Personal Reflection: The “Part-Time” Rabbinate, Rabbi Sara Yellen Sapadin Personal Reflection: Journeying to the Edge of the Known and Comprehended World—Becoming a Senior Rabbi, Rabbi Ruth A. Zlotnick Personal Reflection: Leaning In, Leaning Out, and Just Managing to Stand Up: Notes from a Rabbinic Working Mother, Rabbi Hara E. Person
Part Seven • Image 40. The Rabbi As Symbolic Exemplar: A Feminist Critique, Rabbi Sara Mason-Barkin 41. From Imagination to Reality: Ima on the Bimah, Rabbi Mindy Avra Portnoy 42. “Funny, You Don’t Look Like a Rabbi”: Transference and the Female Rabbi, Rabbi Ellen Jay Lewis, PhD 43. The Public Image of the Woman Rabbi, Rabbi Wendy Spears 44. A Mirror, A Prism, and a Telescope: Reimagining Role Models, Rabbi Leah Rachel Berkowitz 46. Portraits of the Rabbi as a Young Woman, Wendy Zierler, PhD 47. Searching for the Fictional Woman Rabbi on the Small and Large Screen, Rabbi David J. Zucker, PhD Personal Reflection: Rabbis in Red Lipstick, Dasi Fruchter Personal Reflection: Letter to Hollywood—I Don’t Have a Beard or Side Curls and I Look Just Like You: American Judaism’s Image Problem, Rabbi Jordie Gerson Personal Reflection: Dropping the “R-Bomb,” Rabbi Elizabeth S. Wood
For Further Reading Contributors
Ordained by the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, Rabbi Rebecca Einstein Schorr is a CLAL Rabbis Without Borders Fellow, a contributing writer at Kveller.com, and is the former editor of the newsletter of the Central Conference of American Rabbis. Her writing appears regularly on various sites including Tablet Magazine, Mamalode, SheKnows, The Christian Science Monitor, The Jewish Week, ReformJudaism.com, and Zeh LeZeh (For One Another). Rabbi Schorr is the co-editor of The Sacred Calling: Forty Years of Women in the Rabbinate, published by CCAR Press in 2016 and winner of the 2016 Jewish Book Award in Women's Studies, and is a contributor to numerous anthologies including The Sacred Encounter: Jewish Perspectives on Sexuality, also published by CCAR Press. A sought-after speaker, Rabbi Schorr speaks regularly about disability and the Jewish imperative for inclusion at such places as the 92nd St. Y, the Academy for Jewish Religion (NY), a variety of synagogues and other community organizations; she was also a member of the 2013 Listen To Your Mother - Wilmington cast and 2015 Listen To Your Mother - Lehigh Valley cast, where she spoke about the reality of rearing a child on the autism spectrum. Her popular TedX talk on her grassroots efforts to raise awareness (and funds) for pediatric cancer research by convincing 75 rabbis to shave their heads has been seen by viewers worldwide . Writing at her blog, This Messy Life (www.rebeccaeinsteinschorr.com), Rabbi Schorr finds meaning in the sacred and not-yet-sacred intersections of daily life. Engage with her on Twitter @rebeccaschorr. Rabbi Alysa Mendelson Graf received Ordination from HUC-JIR (NY) in 2004. She has been the rabbi of Port Jewish Center, a small, haimish synagogue in Port Washington, NY, since July of 2014. Prior to coming to PJC, Rabbi Mendelson served Temple Israel in Westport, CT as its Assistant Rabbi, then Associate Rabbi for almost a decade. Rabbi Mendelson grew up in Scarsdale, NY. She is a 1993 graduate of the University of Pennsylvania. After graduating Fordham University Law School in 1997, Rabbi Mendelson worked as a matrimonial attorney in Manhattan before deciding to pursue the rabbinate. Rabbi Mendelson has been an active member of the CCAR and of the Women’s Rabbinic Network. She has served on the board of the WRN for 11 years and is serving her last year on the board, as its immediate past co-president. She is the co-editor of The Sacred Calling: Forty Years of Women in the Rabbinate, published by CCAR Press and winner of the 2016 Jewish Book Award in Women's Studies, and wrote a chapter called “Getting to the Gold Standard in Maternity Leave Clauses.” Rabbi Mendelson is married to Adam Graf. They have three sons, Gideon, Solomon and Rafi and reside in Port Washington, New York.
This book is going to be a very important document forever because it's so well-rounded, it has so many different views and it talks about so many different topics, not just written by women, but written by men, and that's important too. - Rabbi Sally J. Priesand, first woman rabbi in the United States; Rabbi Emerita of Monmouth Reform Temple, Tinton Falls, NJ
I highly recommend The Sacred Calling: Four Decades of Women in the Rabbinate. I believe it is essential reading. It is not only an important historical narrative; it is also a call to action. It's essential reading for rabbis, for cantors, for Jewish Educators and Jewish professionals, but mostly I believe it is required reading for all lay leaders and members of our congregations. - Rabbi Peter Berg, Senior Rabbi, The Temple, Atlanta, GA
I think The Sacred Calling can help us think inclusively. I think there are lessons from the women who fought their way to leadership roles; [they] teach us how to bring other groups from the margins into the center. - Toba Schaller, fifth-year rabbinical student, HUC-JIR, New York, NY